Your comprehensive guide to caring for your precious little one with confidence and love
This FAQ is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with your pediatrician or healthcare provider for specific concerns about your baby’s health, development, or care. In case of emergencies, contact your healthcare provider immediately or call emergency services.
Feeding Frequency Guidelines
Breastfeeding: Every 2-3 hours (8-12 times per day)
Formula feeding: Every 3-4 hours (6-8 times per day)
- Newborns have tiny stomachs (about the size of a marble)
- Growth spurts may require more frequent feeding
- Night feedings are normal and necessary
- Track wet diapers to ensure adequate intake
Signs of Adequate Feeding
Positive indicators:
- 6+ wet diapers per day after day 5
- Regular bowel movements (varies by feeding type)
- Steady weight gain after initial loss
- Baby seems content after feeds
- Good skin color and alertness
Newborn Sleep Patterns
Newborns typically sleep 14-17 hours per day in short bursts of 2-4 hours.
- 0-3 months: 14-17 hours total
- Sleep cycles: 2-4 hours at a time
- Day/night confusion: Normal for first 6-8 weeks
- REM sleep: 50% of sleep time (vs 20% in adults)
Sleep Improvement Strategies
Create a sleep-friendly environment:
- Keep room temperature between 68-70°F (20-21°C)
- Use blackout curtains for daytime naps
- Consider white noise machines
- Swaddle for comfort and security
Establish routines:
- Consistent bedtime routine (even if simple)
- Distinguish day and night with lighting
- Keep nighttime interactions calm and quiet
Warning Signs Requiring Immediate Medical Attention
- Fever over 100.4°F (38°C) in babies under 3 months
- Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
- Persistent vomiting or signs of dehydration
- Unusual lethargy or difficulty waking
- Severe or persistent crying
- Changes in skin color (blue, gray, or very pale)
Other concerning signs:
- Not eating or significant decrease in appetite
- Fewer than 6 wet diapers per day after day 5
- No bowel movement for several days
- Rash that spreads rapidly or looks infected
First Month Milestones
Physical Development:
- Lifts head briefly when on tummy
- Strong grasp reflex
- Jerky, uncontrolled movements
- Can focus on objects 8-12 inches away
Social & Emotional:
- First social smiles (around 6-8 weeks)
- Recognizes parent’s voice
- Calms when comforted
- Shows preference for human faces
Communication:
- Different cries for different needs
- Makes small throat noises
- Alert periods become longer
Essential Newborn Safety Guidelines
Safe Sleep (SIDS Prevention):
- Always place baby on back to sleep
- Use firm sleep surface
- Keep crib bare (no blankets, pillows, bumpers)
- Room-share without bed-sharing
- Avoid smoke exposure
Car Safety:
- Properly installed rear-facing car seat
- Never leave baby alone in car
- Check car seat installation with certified technician
General Safety:
- Always support head and neck when holding
- Never shake a baby
- Keep small objects away (choking hazards)
- Wash hands before handling baby
- Check bath water temperature (98-100°F)
Newborn Bathing Guidelines
Frequency: 2-3 times per week is sufficient for newborns
Before the umbilical cord falls off:
- Sponge baths only
- Keep umbilical area dry
- Use warm, damp washcloth
- Clean face, neck, hands, and diaper area daily
After cord heals:
- Use shallow bath (2-3 inches of water)
- Water temperature: 98-100°F (37-38°C)
- Support baby’s head and neck at all times
- Keep baths short (5-10 minutes)
Daily cleaning priorities:
- Face and neck folds
- Hands and under fingernails
- Diaper area with each change
- Behind ears and in creases
Nail Care for Newborns
When to trim:
- When nails extend beyond fingertips
- If baby is scratching themselves
- Usually needed weekly for fingernails
- Toenails grow slower, trim as needed
Safe trimming techniques:
- Best time: When baby is sleeping or very calm
- Use baby nail clippers or scissors
- Cut straight across, don’t round corners
- Have good lighting
- Consider having partner help hold baby
Alternative methods:
- Gently peel soft nails with fingers
- File with soft emery board
- Use mittens temporarily to prevent scratching